| Introduction | |
| I. Spinoza`s Life and Philosophy | | ix | (24) |
| II. Bibliographical Note | | xxxiii | (1) |
| III. Abbreviations and Other Conventions | | xxxiv | |
| PRELIMINARIES | | 3 | (82) |
| I. A Portrait of the Philosopher as a Young Man |
| | 3 | (3) |
| II. A Critique of Traditional Religion |
| | 6 | (42) |
| A. On Religion and Superstition |
| | 6 | (4) |
| | 10 | (13) |
| C. On God as an Agent in History |
| | 23 | (3) |
| D. On Law and God as a Lawgiver |
| | 26 | (8) |
| | 34 | (6) |
| F. On Interpreting Scripture |
| | 40 | (8) |
| III. Fragments of a Theory of Scientific Method |
| | 48 | (7) |
| A. The Four Kinds of Knowledge |
| | 48 | (3) |
| B. Achieving Clear and Distinct Ideas |
| | 51 | (4) |
| IV. From a Non-Geometric Draft of the Ethics |
| | 55 | (11) |
| A. Of the `Attributes` Which Do Not Belong to God, and on Definition |
| | 55 | (2) |
| | 57 | (1) |
| | 58 | (1) |
| | 58 | (4) |
| E. An Argument for Immortality |
| | 62 | (2) |
| F. A Dialogue on God`s Causality |
| | 64 | (2) |
| V. An Early Attempt at Geometrizing Philosophy |
| | 66 | (5) |
| | 66 | (2) |
| | 68 | (1) |
| | 69 | (2) |
| VI. Two Criticisms of Descartes |
| | 71 | (6) |
| A. On the Cartesian Circle |
| | 71 | (3) |
| B. On Descartes` Attempt to Prove God`s Existence from His Own |
| | 74 | (3) |
| VII. The Study Group has Questions about Definitions |
| | 77 | (5) |
| A. Simon de Vries to Spinoza |
| | 77 | (2) |
| | 79 | (2) |
| C. Spinoza to De Vries Again |
| | 81 | (1) |
| VIII. The Worm in the Blood Spinoza to Henry Oldenburg |
| | 82 | (3) |
| THE ETHICS | | 85 | (181) |
| | 85 | (30) |
| II. Of the Nature and Origin of the Mind |
| | 115 | (37) |
| III. Of the Origin and Nature of the Affects |
| | 152 | (45) |
| IV. Of Human Bondage, or the Powers of the Affects |
| | 197 | (47) |
| V. Of the Power of the Intellect, or on Human Freedom |
| | 244 | (22) |
| OBJECTIONS AND REPLIES | | 266 | (11) |
| I. Tschirnhaus on Freedom |
| | 266 | (1) |
| II. Freedom and Necessity |
| | 267 | (2) |
| III. Tschirnhaus on Problems about the Attributes and Infinite Modes |
| | 269 | (1) |
| IV. On Knowledge of Other Attributes and Examples of Infinite Modes |
| | 270 | (2) |
| V. Tschirnhaus on Knowledge of Other Attributes |
| | 272 | (1) |
| VI. Each Thing Is Expressed by Many Minds |
| | 272 | (1) |
| VII. Tschirnhaus Presses His Objection |
| | 273 | (1) |
| VIII. Spinoza Replies Again |
| | 273 | (1) |
| IX. Tschirnhaus on Deducing the Existence of Bodies |
| | 274 | (1) |
| X. On the Uselessness of Descartes` Principles of Natural Things |
| | 274 | (1) |
| XI. Tschirnhaus Presses the Objection |
| | 274 | (1) |
| XII. Spinoza`s Last Reply |
| | 275 | (2) |
| Index | | 277 | |